The distinctive Bird of Paradise (Strelitzia spp.), closely related to the banana plant, is renowned as one of the most recognizable tropical flowers. Named for its striking resemblance to the tropical bird of the same name, the Bird of Paradise plant is relatively easier to cultivate than many other tropical plants. It thrives as a robust and rapidly growing indoor plant, with the flexibility to be moved outside during the summer months, flourishing for about half the year.
Bird of Paradise typically blooms in late winter or early spring, although it may flower at other times given optimal conditions. These plants feature upright leaves emerging directly from the soil, lacking a trunk. The large leaves, spanning 12 to 18 inches in length, may develop splits if exposed to windy conditions or brushed against in high-traffic areas. It's important to note that Strelitzia is toxic to cats and dogs.
Watering
Maintain consistently moist soil throughout the year for the Bird of Paradise. While it should not be waterlogged, anticipate daily watering in the spring and summer, especially as the plant loses moisture through its large leaves. Water until you observe drainage from the pot's holes, ensuring it doesn't remain in standing water. Overwatering can lead to the development of crunchy brown leaves, while underwatering may result in yellowing of the leaves farthest from the center.
Location
The Bird of Paradise thrives in bright light, with some direct sunlight being essential for optimal blooming. However, protection is needed from direct midday summer sun, as it can cause leaf burn, particularly in younger plants. Ideal locations include rooms with windows facing east or west, while rooms with only a north-facing window should be avoided. Maintaining high humidity is preferable for the Bird of Paradise, and misting with a spray bottle can be beneficial in drier home environments. During winter, ensure the air temperature remains above 60° F (16° C), as this plant is not tolerant of cold temperatures and recovers slowly from frost damage.
Soil
For potted Bird of Paradise plants, employ a rich, well-drained potting mix or a compost mixture. When using a pot, ensure it has sufficient drainage holes to facilitate the flow of water through the soil and out of the container. This promotes proper drainage and helps prevent waterlogging.
Fertilizing
The Bird of Paradise is a nutrient-demanding plant. Provide it with nourishment in the spring by using slow-release pellets or opt for weekly feedings with liquid fertilizer during the growing season. This regular feeding regimen supports the plant's robust growth and overall health.
Pruning
Bird of Paradise flowers typically last for approximately three weeks before the petals drop and they naturally fade. To maintain the plant's health, it's advisable to remove old or damaged plant matter. This process is also an effective way to thin out the leaves for optimal growth. When removing leaves, either pull them off or use sharp cutting instruments. It's essential to sterilize the tools between different plants to prevent the spread of diseases.
If a leaf appears mostly healthy, it's advisable to leave it intact. For larger plants requiring significant pruning, consider using loppers, hand pruners, or a pruning saw in early spring. Avoid hedge trimmers, as they may result in ragged cuts. You have the option to cut all leaves and stems down to just above the ground. In the case of overcrowding, long-handled pruners can be used to selectively remove stems and leaves.
Propagating
The best ways to propagate Bird of Paradise are division and sowing seeds. Division is easier and quicker than growing from seed. It's best to use mature plants that have been previously blooming for at least three years.
To divide strelitzia:
- Depending on the size of your plant (and its rhizome or underground root structure), you will need larger instruments like a shovel and saw for in-ground or large plants. For smaller plants, you can use a sharp knife. If potting the division, you will need a new pot and a well-draining potting mix.
- You can also remove the new growth or offshoots at the base of the plant that has at least three leaves and divide the rhizome below ground with a shovel, saw, or knife.
- Repot in a new container with a well-draining potting mix.
To grow from seed:
Be patient when growing Strelitzia from seeds. It can take two months for the seeds to germinate. Soak seeds in room-temperature water for 24 to 48 hours before planting. Remove any orange stringy material. Nick the seed with a knife or nail file. Plant the seed in a well-draining potting mix about 1/2 to 1 inch deep and at least 3 inches apart from other seeds. Place the container in a warm, indirect sun location. Cover with a cloche or plastic wrap, keeping the soil moist but not soggy. Once the seedling germinates and produces two to three leaves, transplant to a 6-inch pot. Once your plant reaches 6 inches, it is ready for a more permanent home.
Common Issues
Keep a vigilant eye on the Bird of Paradise plant for potential pest infestations, such as aphids, scale, and whiteflies. If you observe the presence of these pests, employ insecticidal soap as a control measure, ensuring thorough application to the undersides of the leaves where these pests often reside. Alternatively, a systemic pesticide can be effective. When using a systemic pesticide, the plant will distribute it from the roots to the leaves and flowers, providing comprehensive protection.
Additionally, be aware that the Bird of Paradise is susceptible to Botrytis cinerea, commonly known as gray mold. This fungal disease can impact the plant, and preventive measures, such as maintaining proper air circulation and avoiding overwatering, can help mitigate the risk of infection. If symptoms of gray mold appear, consider appropriate fungicidal treatments as a remedial action. Regular monitoring and prompt intervention are key to maintaining the health of the Bird of Paradise.
The most common issue is root rot, caused by prolonged soil saturation. To prevent this, let the soil dry between waterings. If root rot is detected, carefully remove the plant, cut away affected rhizome parts, apply a fungicide as directed, and repot in a sterilized container with fresh, well-draining soil.
Curling leaves indicate underwatering. Increase watering, ensuring water drains freely from the bottom of the pot. However, avoid waterlogging as it can lead to other problems.
Large leaves of the Bird of Paradise may naturally develop slits, especially if the plant is exposed to wind or breezes. This adaptation enhances air circulation, preventing mold and pests. It's a normal occurrence, especially if the plant spends time outdoors.